-
1 Meusnier, Jean Baptiste Marie
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 1754 Tours, Franced. 1793 Mainz, Germany[br]French designer of the "dirigible balloon" (airship).[br]Just a few days after the first balloon flight by the relatively primitive Montgolfier hot-air balloon, a design for a sophisticated steerable or "dirigible" balloon was proposed by a young French army officer. On 3 December 1783, Lieutenant (later General) Jean Baptiste Marie Meusnier of the Corps of Engineers presented to the Académie des Sciences a paper entitled Mémoire sur l'équilibre des machines aérostatiques. This outlined Meusnier's ideas and so impressed the learned members of the Academy that they commissioned him to make a more complete study. This was published in 1784 and contained sixteen water-colour drawings of the proposed airship, which are preserved by the Musée de l'Air in Paris.Meusnier's "machine aérostatique" was ellipsoidal in shape, in contrast to those of his unsuccessful contemporaries who tried to make spherical balloons steerable, often using oars for propulsion. Meusnier's proposed airship was 79.2 m (260 ft) long with the crew in a slim boat slung below the envelope (in case of a landing on water); it was steered by a large sail-like rudder at the rear end. Between the envelope and the boat were three propellers, which were to be manually driven as there was no suitable engine available; this was the first design for a propeller-driven aircraft. The most important innovation was a ballonnet, a balloon within the main envelope that was pressurized with air supplied by bellows in the boat. Varying the amount of air in the ballonnet would compensate for changes in the volume of hydrogen gas in the main envelope when the airship changed altitude. The ballonnet would also help to maintain the external shape of the main envelope.General Meusnier was killed in action in 1793 and it was almost one hundred years from the date of his publication that his idea of ballonnets was put into practice, by Dupuy de Lome in 1872, and later by Renard and Krebs.[br]Bibliography1784, Mémoire sur l'équilibre des machines aérostatiques, Paris; repub. Paris: Musée de l'Air.Further ReadingL.T.C.Rolt, 1966, The Aeronauts, London (paperback 1985). Basil Clarke, 1961, The History of Airships, London.JDSBiographical history of technology > Meusnier, Jean Baptiste Marie
-
2 оболочка
1. ж. стр. shell2. ж. enclosure; jacket; envelope3. ж. wall, membraneоболочка дирижабля — hull of an airship; envelope of an airship
-
3 оболочка
( тепловыделяющего элемента) can, case, casing, cladding, cover, covering, skin, ( полупроводникового прибора) encapsulation, enclosure, envelope метал., film, housing, jacket, (напр. оптического волокна) clad(ding) layer, mantle, proofing, sheath, sheathing, shell, shell structure, wall* * *оболо́чка ж.1. ( в теории упругости) стр. shellзаключа́ть в оболо́чку напр. паропрово́д — encase, e. g., a steam pipe in a jacket3. ( в термодинамике) wall, membraneадиабати́ческая оболо́чка — adiabatic membraneоболо́чка а́тома — atom shellбольшепролё́тная оболо́чка — large-span shellва́нтовая оболо́чка — guy [catenary, suspension] shellоболо́чка враще́ния — shell of revolutionоболо́чка дирижа́бля — ( полужёсткой и жёсткой систем) hull of an airship; ( мягкой системы) envelope of an airshipобеспе́чивать неизме́нность вне́шней фо́рмы оболо́чки дирижа́бля — maintain the shape of the envelope [hull]оболо́чка ка́беля — cable sheathоболо́чка ка́беля, шла́нговая — cable sheathingколба́сная оболо́чка — sausage casingколба́сная, иску́сственная оболо́чка — artificial sausage casingколба́сная, кише́чная оболо́чка — natural sausage casingнеподкреплё́нная оболо́чка ав., косм. — unstiffened shellпла́зменная оболо́чка — plasma sheathподкреплё́нная оболо́чка ав., косм. — stiffened shellрезиноко́рдная оболо́чка — rubber-cord casingоболо́чка световеду́щей жи́лы ( в волоконной оптике) — cladding, coatingоболо́чка покрыва́ет световеду́щую жи́лу — the cladding sheaths the fibre coreэлектро́нная оболо́чка — electron shellзаполня́ть электро́нную оболо́чку — fill [close, complete] an electron shellэлектро́нная, вне́шняя оболо́чка — outermost electron shellэлектро́нная, вну́тренняя оболо́чка — inner electron shell* * * -
4 оболочка дирижабля
1) Engineering: envelope of an airship (мягкой системы), hull of an airship (полужёсткой или жёсткой системы)2) Makarov: hull of an airship (полужёсткой и жёсткой систем)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > оболочка дирижабля
-
5 выпуклая оболочка
оболочка дирижабля — hull of an airship; envelope of an airship
-
6 выпуклая оболочка
оболочка дирижабля — hull of an airship; envelope of an airship
Русско-английский словарь по информационным технологиям > выпуклая оболочка
-
7 Lebaudy, Paul
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 1858 Enghien, Franced. 1937 Rosny-sur-Seine, France[br]French airship pioneer responsible for the first practical airship, in collaboration with his brother Pierre (1861–1924).[br]Soon after Alberto Santos-Dumont had made his first successful flight in a small airship, Paul and Pierre Lebaudy decided to construct a large airship. The two brothers were sugar manufacturers in Moisson, France, and in 1899 they commissioned their chief engineer, Henri Julliot, to build them a large airship. Julliot was conscientious and cautious, and consequently he spent many months studying the problems and working out a feasible design. The Lebaudy I was not completed until late in 1902 and made its first flight on 13 November. It was 57 m (187 ft) long and powered by a 30 kW (40 hp) Daimler petrol engine driving two propellers which enabled it to fly at 40 km/h (25 mph); it could overcome all but very strong winds. During the ensuing months, Lebaudy I made many successful flights, often carrying passengers, and usually returning to its base at Moisson. On 12 November 1903 it flew a distance of 62 km (381/2 miles) in 1 hour 41 minutes, from Moisson to Paris, where it was put on display and attracted huge crowds. After being damaged, Lebaudy I was rebuilt as Lebaudy II, although it was often called La Jaune because of the yellow fabric of the envelope. In 1905 it made a flight lasting over 3 hours; few would argue that this was the first really successful airship.[br]Further ReadingBasil Clarke, 1961, The History of Airships, London.Wilfrid de Fonvieille, 1911, Histoire de la navigation aérienne, Paris.JDS -
8 выпуск газа
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > выпуск газа
-
9 выпуск газа
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > выпуск газа
-
10 выскальзывать из-под
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > выскальзывать из-под
-
11 выскальзывать из-под
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > выскальзывать из-под
-
12 наружная поверхность
•The exterior of the tube is spray coated.
•The outside of the airship envelope is coated with aluminium paint.
•The inner and outer surfaces of the membrane...
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > наружная поверхность
-
13 принимать меры
•Provision has been made for supplying more highly developed systems.
•Care was taken to maintain a low concentration of...
•Make sure (or See to it that) all screws are tightened up.
•Precautions have been taken to reduce effects of vibrations in the analyzer.
•Steps should be taken to ensure proper filtration.
•The airship net which is held down by sand bags is permitted to rise slowly, care being taken that the envelope does not slip out from under the net.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > принимать меры
-
14 раскладывать
•The airship envelope is spread out on the floor of the hangar.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > раскладывать
-
15 слой материала
•The fabric of the main envelope or pressure hull of an airship is usually made up of two or three plies of cloth.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > слой материала
-
16 наружная поверхность
•The exterior of the tube is spray coated.
•The outside of the airship envelope is coated with aluminium paint.
•The inner and outer surfaces of the membrane...
* * *Наружная поверхность-- Clean the exterior thoroughly before beginning the disassembly procedures.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > наружная поверхность
См. также в других словарях:
Airship Italia — was a semi rigid airship used by Umberto Nobile in his second series of flights around the North Pole. Design and specifications Italia was an N class semirigid airship, designation N4. In design it was almost identical to the N1 Norge but larger … Wikipedia
envelope — [än′və lōp΄, en′′və lōp΄] n. [Fr & OFr enveloppe < OFr envoluper: see ENVELOP] 1. a thing that envelops; wrapper; covering 2. a folded paper container as for a letter, usually with a gummed flap for sealing 3. a) the outer covering of a rigid… … English World dictionary
envelope — ► NOUN 1) a flat paper container with a sealable flap, used to enclose a letter or document. 2) a covering or containing structure or layer. 3) the outer housing of a vacuum tube, electric light, etc. 4) the structure within a balloon or non… … English terms dictionary
Airship — For other uses, see Airship (disambiguation). Dirigible redirects here. For the 1931 film, see Dirigible (film). Not to be confused with Balloon (aircraft) or Blimp. Airship … Wikipedia
Envelope (disambiguation) — An envelope is the paper container used to hold a letter being sent by post.Envelope may also refer to:In science: * Envelope (mathematics), a curve, surface, or higher dimensional object defined as being tangent to a given family of lines or… … Wikipedia
envelope — noun Date: circa 1714 1. a flat usually paper container (as for a letter) 2. something that envelops ; wrapper < the envelope of air around the earth > 3. a. the outer covering of an aerostat b. the bag containing the gas in a balloon or airship… … New Collegiate Dictionary
airship — Synonyms and related words: Graf Zeppelin, aerostat, ballonet, balloon, basket, blimp, car, catwalk, dirigible, dirigible balloon, envelope, gas chamber, gasbag, gondola, lighter than air craft, mooring harness, rigid airship, sandbag, semirigid… … Moby Thesaurus
envelope — /ˈɛnvəloʊp / (say envuhlohp), /ˈɒn / (say on ) noun 1. a cover for a letter or the like, usually so made that it can be sealed or fastened. 2. that which envelops; a wrapper, integument, or surrounding cover. 3. Botany a surrounding or enclosing… …
airship — A power driven, lighter than air steerable aircraft that consists of a streamlined envelope or hull containing helium gas, with an engine and a gondola suspended from it. The various types of airships are rigid, semirigid, and nonrigid. Today,… … Aviation dictionary
envelope — n. 1 a folded paper container, usu. with a sealable flap, for a letter etc. 2 a wrapper or covering. 3 the structure within a balloon or airship containing the gas. 4 the outer metal or glass housing of a vacuum tube, electric light, etc. 5… … Useful english dictionary
Thermal airship — A thermal airship is an airship that generates its lift via the difference in density due to a temperature differential between the gas inside its envelope and the ambient air. (This is in contrast to the more common use of helium to provide lift … Wikipedia
